The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.